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1.
Braz. J. Anesth. (Impr.) ; 73(1): 46-53, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420655

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Compound A is generated by sevoflurane when it reacts with carbon dioxide absorbers with strong bases at minimal fresh gas flow (FGF) and is nephrotoxic in animals. No conclusive data has shown increased risk in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate if minimal FGF promotes an increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) when compared to high FGF in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia. Methods Two hundred and four adult patients scheduled for on-pump cardiac surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups differentiated by FGF: minimal FGF (0.5 L.min−1) or high FGF (2.0 L.min−1). Baseline creatinine measured before surgery was compared daily to values assayed on the first five postoperative days, and 24-hour urinary output was monitored, according to the KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) guideline to define postoperative cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Creatinine measurements were also obtained 20 and 120 days after hospital discharge. Results Postoperative AKI occurred in 55 patients, 26 patients (29.5%) in the minimal FGF group and 29 patients (31.5%) in the high FGF group (p= 0.774). Twenty days after discharge, 11 patients (6.1%) still had CSA-AKI and 120 days after discharge only 2 patients (1.6%) still had CSA-AKI. Conclusions When compared to high FGF, minimal FGF sevoflurane anesthesia during on-pump cardiac surgery is not associated with increased risk of postoperative AKI in this population at high risk for renal injury.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Creatinine , Sevoflurane/adverse effects
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(5): 484-492, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057451

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: The administration of antifibrinolytics has been shown to be effective in reducing blood loss and the need for transfusions in surgeries. However, few studies have evaluated these drugs in cancer surgery. The objective was to review the efficacy and safety of the treatment with antifibrinolytics in patients who underwent oncologic surgeries. Contents: An electronic bibliographic research was conducted in PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO and in the Cochrane Library data basis in order to identify randomized clinical trials performed in any type of oncologic surgery. The data evaluated were blood loss, need for transfusion and incidence of arteriovenous thromboembolism. Five randomized controlled trials evaluating 838 patients met the inclusion requirements. In the analysis of the incidence of thromboembolic events in the five RCTs, there was no statistically significant difference between the administration of tranexamic acid when compared with the placebo (OR = 0.36, 95% IC: 0.11‒1.19, p= 0.09, I2 = 0%). However, when total estimated blood loss and need for blood transfusion are analyzed, the use of tranexamic acid was associated with a significant reduction over placebo (MD = −135.79, 95% CI: −179.50 to −92.08, p< 0.00001, I2= 68%) and (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32‒0.65, p< 0.00001, I2= 60%), respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found no evidence that the administration of antifibrinolytics increases the risk of thromboembolic complications in patients submitted to oncologic surgery, and has shown evidence that it is effective in reducing total perioperative blood loss and the need for blood transfusion.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A administração de agentes antifibrinolíticos mostrou ser eficaz para reduzir a perda sanguínea e a necessidade de transfusões em cirurgias. No entanto, poucos estudos avaliaram esses agentes em cirurgias oncológicas. O objetivo foi revisar a eficácia e segurança do tratamento com antifibrinolíticos em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias oncológicas. Conteúdo: Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida nos bancos de dados eletrônicos PubMed, OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO e na Biblioteca Cochrane para identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados feitos em qualquer tipo de cirurgia oncológica. Os dados analisados foram perda sanguínea, necessidade de transfusão e incidência de tromboembolismo arteriovenoso. Cinco ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram 838 pacientes atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Na análise da incidência de eventos tromboembólicos em cinco ECR, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a administração do ácido tranexâmico, comparado ao placebo (OR = 0,36, IC 95%: 0,11-1,19, p = 0,09; I2 = 0%). No entanto, quando a perda sanguínea total estimada e a necessidade de transfusão de sangue foram analisadas, o uso do ácido tranexâmico foi associado a uma redução significativa, comparado ao placebo. (DM: -135,79, IC 95%: -179,50 a -92,08, p < 0,00001, I2 = 68%) e (OR = 0,45, IC 95%: 0,32-0,65, p < 0,00001, I2 = 60%), respectivamente. Conclusões: Esta metanálise não encontrou evidências de que a administração de antifibrinolíticos aumente o risco de complicações tromboembólicas em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia oncológica e apresentou evidências de que é eficaz para reduzir a perda sanguínea total no perioperatório e a necessidade de transfusão de sangue.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Thromboembolism/chemically induced , Thromboembolism/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome , Antifibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(5): 521-526, Sept.-Oct. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057459

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: Angioedema is a potentially fatal condition that may occur at any time in the perioperative period. It may result from histamine release, hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, or be triggered by bradykinin, in non-allergic reactions of hereditary or acquired etiology. The aim of this report is to report a case of angioedema in the early postoperative period in a patient on antihypertensive medication involving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Case report: A 67-year-old male, Afro-descendant, hypertensive, and taken enalapril maleate underwent orthopedic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia combined with brachial plexus block. The procedure lasted 3 hours uneventfully. After discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit, the patient presented with angioedema and severe airway impairment. Tracheal intubation was attempted but it was impossible due to edema affecting the lips, tongue, and oropharyngeal region Emergency cricothyroidotomy was performed. The onset of angioedema had no causal relationship with the administration of any medication; there were no cutaneous manifestations and also not response to therapy for hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, such as antihistamines, corticoid, and adrenaline. It was considered to be mediated by bradykinin, as the patient had already had two similar episodes and was on regular medication (enalapril). The evolution was satisfactory. Conclusion: Angioedema is a potentially fatal condition when it affects the airway, and should be recognized by anesthesiologists and physicians working in the emergency departments.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O angioedema é uma condição potencialmente fatal que pode surgir em qualquer momento no perioperatório. Pode decorrer da liberação de histamina, em uma reação de hipersensibilidade a drogas ou ser desencadeado pela bradicinina, em reações não alérgicas, de etiologia hereditária ou adquirida. O objetivo desse relato é descrever um caso de angioedema, no pós-operatório imediato, em um paciente em uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva da classe dos inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina. Relato de caso: Paciente de 67 anos, masculino, negro, hipertenso e em uso do maleato de enalapril, foi submetido a cirurgia ortopédica de ombro sob anestesia geral associada a bloqueio do plexo braquial. O procedimento durou 3 horas, sem intercorrências. Após a alta da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, apresentou angioedema com grave comprometimento das vias aéreas. Tentou-se fazer intubação traqueal, mas foi impossível devido ao edema que acometia os lábios, a língua e região orofaringeana. Fez-se a cricotireoidostomia de emergência. O aparecimento do angioedema não apresentou relação causal com a administração de qualquer medicação, não houve manifestações cutâneas e também não respondeu à terapêutica para reação de hipersensibilidade a drogas, como anti-histamínicos, corticoide e adrenalina. Foi considerado como mediado pela bradicinina, pois o paciente já havia apresentado dois episódios semelhantes e estava em uso regular de medicação (enalapril). A evolução foi satisfatória. Conclusão: O angioedema é uma condição potencialmente fatal quando atinge as vias aéreas e deve ser de conhecimento do anestesiologista e dos médicos que trabalham nos setores de emergência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects , Angioedema/chemically induced
4.
Rev. chil. anest ; 47(3): 224-228, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451166

ABSTRACT

Myotonic dystrophy is an uncommon disease, characterised by disorders of the muscle membrane. Its clinical manifestations are muscle weakness, difficulty at initiating movements and delayed muscle relaxation. Carriers of this disease are very sensitive to anaesthetic drugs. Residual neuromuscular blockade is common among these patients, leaving them at risk of various postoperative complications. Proper neuromuscular blockade reversal is therefore crucial. We report the case of an 18-year-old male with myotonic dystrophy type I (Steinert's disease), who was admitted for a complicated hydatid cyst. He required a laparotomy, which was done under general anesthesia with no intraoperative incidents. He was extubated at the end of the procedure, with 94% response at the train-of-four (TOF) and adequate spontaneous ventilation. No reversal for neuromuscular blockade was given. The patient evolved favourably during the postoperative phase. However, in the later postoperatory period the patient presented severe respiratory complications. Proper anaesthetic management of these patients, as described in the literature, includes the use of non-depolarising muscle relaxants, monitoring of muscle relaxation and reversal of neuromuscular blockade. The combination of rocuronium and sugammadex appears to convey the optimum reversal required for these cases.


Las distrofias miotónicas son enfermedades poco comunes, caracterizadas por trastornos a nivel de la membrana muscular. Clínicamente se manifiestan por debilidad muscular progresiva, dificultad al iniciar movimientos y retardo en la relajación muscular. Los portadores de este grupo de enfermedades tienen una marcada sensibilidad a los fármacos anestésicos. Es habitual que presenten bloqueo neuromuscular residual, arriesgándose a sufrir diversas complicaciones postoperatorias. Por ello, es importante realizar una reversión adecuada de la relajación muscular en estos pacientes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 18 años, con distrofia miotónica de Steinert tipo I, que ingresa para laparotomía por quiste hidatídico hepático complicado. Recibió anestesia general sin incidentes. Es extubado con una respuesta al tren-de-cuatro (TOF) de 94% y ventilación espontánea adecuada. No se realiza reversión del bloqueo neuromuscular y evoluciona favorablemente en el postoperatorio inmediato. Sin embargo, en el período postoperatorio tardío, presenta complicaciones respiratorias severas. El adecuado manejo de estos pacientes, según lo recomendado en la literatura, requiere el uso de relajantes no-depolarizantes, monitorización y reversión del bloqueo neuromuscular, siendo probablemente la combinación de rocuronio y sugammadex, la más adecuada para estos fines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced , Myotonic Dystrophy/surgery , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Sugammadex/therapeutic use , Rocuronium/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/therapeutic use
5.
J. bras. nefrol ; 39(1): 70-78, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841201

ABSTRACT

Abstract Registry studies and systematic reviews have shown higher risk for mortality and graft loss in patients in use of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) compared to calcineurin-based (CNI) immunosuppressive regimens. The majority of these studies pooled data from early trials using different strategies such as "de novo" combination of the high dose mTOR inhibitors with standard dose of CNI or high dose mTORi combined with mycophenolate. The large heterogeneity of these initial exploratory studies, many of them no longer in use, turns difficult any comparison with a well-defined standard of care regimen. The new strategies using concentration controlled reduced exposure of mTORi and CNI or early conversion from CNI to mTORi use have shown comparable patient and graft survival. Nevertheless, considering the central role of mTOR in health and disease states, more research is necessary to mitigate the adverse events and to explore further the potential beneficial effects of mTOR inhibitors.


Resumo Estudos de registro e revisões sistemáticas mostraram um aumento de mortalidade e perda do enxerto nos pacientes em uso dos inibidores da mTOR (imTOR) em comparação a regimes baseados nos inibidores de calcineurina (iCN). A maioria destes estudos reuniu dados de ensaios clínicos iniciais utilizando diferentes estratégias, tais como a combinação "de novo" de altas doses de imTOR com doses padrão de iCN ou altas doses de imTOR combinado com micofenolato. A grande heterogeneidade destes estudos exploratórios iniciais, muitos deles não mais em uso, tornam difícil qualquer comparação. As novas estratégias que utilizam a concentração controlada e reduziram a exposição tanto de imTOR quando de iCN mostraram sobrevida do paciente e enxerto comparáveis. No entanto, considerando o papel central dos imTOR nos estados de saúde e doença, é necessária mais investigação para mitigar os eventos adversos e explorar melhor seus potenciais efeitos benéficos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Kidney Transplantation , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Graft Rejection/chemically induced , Graft Rejection/mortality
6.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(5): 492-498, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-794801

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The incidence of perioperative respiratory complications and postoperative care unit recovery time investigated in patients with passive tobacco smoke exposure according to the degree of exposure. Methods: Total 270 patients ranging in age from 18 to 60 years with the ASA physical status I or II exposed and not exposed to passive tobacco smoke received general anesthesia for various elective surgical operations evaluated for the study. Patients divided into two groups as exposed and non-exposed to passive tobacco smoke, those exposed to passive smoke are also divided into two groups according to the degree of exposure. Patients taken to the postoperative care unit (PACU) at the end of the operation and monitorized until Modified Aldrete's Scores became 9 and more. Respiratory complications evaluated and recorded in intraoperative and postoperative period. Results: A total of 251 patients were enrolled; 63 (25.1%) patients had airway complications, 11 (4.4%) had complications intraoperatively and 52 (20.7%) patients had complications postoperatively. There has been found significant relation with passive tobacco smoke exposure and high incidences of perioperative and postoperative respiratory complications. The risk of cough, desaturation and hypersecretion complications were found to be increased depending on the degree of exposure. There was significant relation between the degree of passive smoke exposure and the duration of PACU stay. Conclusion: Passive tobacco smoke exposed general anesthesia receiving patients also regarding to the degree of exposure having high rates of perioperative respiratory complications and prolongation of PACU stays when compared with unexposed patients.


Resumo Justificativa: A incidência de complicações respiratórias no perioperatório e o tempo em sala de recuperação pós-anestesia no pós-operatório em pacientes com exposição passiva à fumaça de tabaco foram avaliados de acordo com o grau de exposição. Métodos: Foram avaliados 270 pacientes entre 18-60 anos, estado físico ASA I ou II, passivamente expostos e não expostos à fumaça de tabaco, submetidos à anestesia geral para vários procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: passivamente expostos e não expostos à fumaça de tabaco. Aqueles com exposição passiva à fumaça também foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o grau de exposição. Os pacientes enviados à sala de recuperação pós-anestesia (SRPA) no fim da cirurgia foram monitorados até atingir 9 ou mais no escore modificado de Aldrete. As complicações respiratórias foram avaliadas e registradas nos períodos intraoperatório e pós-operatório. Resultados: Foram incluídos 251 pacientes, dos quais 63 (25,1%) apresentaram complicações respiratórias, 11 (4,4%) complicações no intraoperatório e 52 (20,7%) complicações no pós-operatório. Houve relação significativa entre a exposição passiva à fumaça de tabaco e a alta incidência de complicações respiratórias no perioperatório e pós-operatório. O risco de complicação como tosse, dessaturação e hipersecreção aumentou de acordo com o grau de exposição. Houve relação significativa entre o grau de exposição passiva à fumaça e o tempo de permanência em SRPA. Conclusão: Os pacientes com exposição passiva à fumaça de tabaco apresentaram altas taxas de complicações respiratórias no perioperatório e prolongamento da permanência em SRPA, em comparação com os pacientes não expostos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Respiration Disorders/epidemiology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Intraoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Respiration Disorders/chemically induced , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Intraoperative Complications/chemically induced , Middle Aged
7.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 43(2): 80-86, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782916

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of L-lysine in the bladder and intestinal epithelia in rats submitted to vesicosigmoidostomy. Methods: we divided forty Wistar rats into four groups: group I - control group (Sham); group II - submitted to vesicosigmoidostomy and treated with L-lysine 150mg/kg; group III - submitted only to vesicosigmoidostomy; and group IV - received L-lysine 150mg/kg. After eight weeks the animals were sacrificed. Results: in the bladders of all operated animals we observed simple, papillary and nodular hyperplasia of transitional cells, transitional cell papillomas and squamous metaplasia. As for the occurrence of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of operated animals, we did not observe statistically significant differences in any of the distal, proximal and medium fragments, or in all fragments together (p=1.0000). Conclusion: Although statistically there was no promotion of carcinogenesis in the epithelia of rats treated with L-lysine in the observed time, it was clear the histogenesis of bladder carcinogenesis in its initial phase in all operated rats, this being probably associated with chronic infection and tiny bladder stones.


RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito da L-lisina nos epitélios vesical e intestinal de ratas submetidas à vesicossigmoidostomia. Métodos: quarenta ratas Wistar, foram divididas em quatro grupos: grupo I- grupo controle (Sham); grupo II- submetido à vesicossigmoidostomia e tratado com L-lisina 150mg/kg; grupo III- submetido apenas à vesicossigmoidostomia; e grupo IV- recebeu L-lisina 150mg/kg. Após oito semanas os animais foram sacrificados. Resultados: na bexiga de todos os animais operados observou-se hiperplasia simples, papilar e nodular de células transicionais, papiloma de células transicionais e metaplasia escamosa. Quanto à ocorrência de focos de criptas aberrantes nos colos dos animais operados, não foi evidenciado diferença estatística significante em nenhum dos fragmentos distal, proximal e médio, e todos juntos (P=1,0000). Conclusão: apesar de, estatisticamente, não ter havido promoção de carcinogênese nos epitélios dos ratos tratados com L-lisina, no tempo observado, é nítida a histogênese da carcinogênese de bexiga em sua fase inicial, no epitélio vesical, em todos os ratos operados, estando esta provavelmente associada à infecção crônica e aos diminutos cálculos vesicais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Colon, Sigmoid/surgery , Urinary Bladder/drug effects , Urinary Bladder/pathology , Ureterostomy , Carcinogenesis/chemically induced , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Lysine/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar
9.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 58(4): 281-283, out.-dez. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-877742

ABSTRACT

Vertebroplastia por punção é um procedimento realizado para dar sustentação óssea na coluna vertebral. Inúmeras complicações podem ocorrer, dentro elas, a embolia pulmonar de cimento. É descrito um caso de embolia da artéria pulmonar secundária à vertebroplastia, por um fragmento volumoso de cimento, tratada por cirurgia. Discutem-se formas de diagnóstico e estratégias de tratamento (AU)


Puncture vertebroplasty is a procedure for providing bone support in the spine. Various complications may occur, including cement pulmonary embolism. Here we report a case of pulmonary artery embolism secondary to vertebroplasty, by a massive fragment of cement, treated by surgery. Forms of diagnosis and treatment strategies are discussed (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/chemically induced , Vertebroplasty/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Embolism/surgery , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Embolectomy
10.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 208-210, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-150552

ABSTRACT

A 40-year-old woman presented with ocular discomfort in both eyes that had persisted for several months. Six months ago, she had undergone a bilateral nasal and temporal conjunctivectomy using a bare scleral technique followed by a postoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) to treat her chronic hyperemic conjunctiva for cosmesis. Slit-lamp examination revealed that the patient had bilateral nasal and temporal scleral thinning, and a calcified plaque on her nasal conjunctiva. There was no episcleral tissue present around the wound area, and it was difficult to detect any normal conjunctival tissue in the adjacent area for covering the lesion. We believe that performing an aggressive conjunctival excision procedure followed with MMC application for cosmetic enhancement may be disastrous in certain cases.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Conjunctival Diseases/drug therapy , Mitomycin/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Scleral Diseases/chemically induced
11.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 59(4): 409-420, jul.-ago. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521553

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A analgesia controlada pelo paciente (PCA), por via venosa ou peridural, é técnica segura e eficaz no tratamento da dor pós-operatória. Todavia, o uso de opioides não é isento de risco, e a depressão respiratória é a complicação mais temida. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a incidência de depressão respiratória associada à analgesia pós-operatória com opioides administrados por via peridural ou venosa e as características dos pacientes que apresentaram a complicação. MÉTODO: Estudo de incidência, retrospectivo, em pacientes operados no Hospital SARAH Brasília entre dezembro de 1999 e dezembro de 2007 e tratados com PCA com opioides por via venosa ou peridural. Foram definidos como casos de depressão respiratória: frequência respiratória < 8 irpm, necessidade do uso de naloxona ou saturação periférica de oxigênio abaixo de 90 por cento. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 2790 pacientes, dos quais 635 pacientes receberam PCA venosa e 2155, analgesia peridural. Ocorreram sete casos de depressão respiratória pós-operatória (incidência de 0,25 por cento). Destes, seis pacientes foram tratados com PCA venosa com morfina, enquanto o último recebeu analgesia peridural com fentanil. A média de idade foi de 30,5 ± 24,7 anos; o tempo médio entre o término da anestesia até a ocorrência da depressão respiratória foi de 18,1 ± 26,3 horas. A ocorrência de depressão respiratória foi significativamente mais frequente na PCA venosa com morfina (p = 0,001) e idade menor que 16 anos (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A incidência de depressão respiratória encontrada foi semelhante à descrita na literatura, sendo mais frequente em crianças e adolescentes, e com PCA venosa.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intravenous or epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a safe and effective technique in the treatment of postoperative pain. However, the use of opioids is not devoid of risks,and respiratory depression represents the most feared complication. The objective of the present study was to describe the incidence of respiratory depression associated with postoperative analgesia with the intravenous or epidural administration of opioids and the characteristics of the patients who developed this complication. METHODS: This is a retrospective, incidence study in patients who underwent surgeries at the Hospital SARAH Brasília from December 1999 to December 2007 and treated with intravenous or epidural PCA with opioids. Respiratory depression was defined as: respiratory rate < 8 bpm, need to use naloxone, or peripheral oxygen saturation below 90 percent. RESULTS: Two thousand seven hundred and ninety patients were evaluated; 635 of those patients received intravenous PCA and 2155 epidural analgesia. Seven patients developed postoperative respiratory depression (0.25 percent). Six of those patients were treated with intravenous PCA with morphine, while the last one received epidural analgesia with fentanyl. Patients had a mean age of 30.5 ± 24.7 years; the mean time between the end of anesthesia and the development of respiratory depression was 18.1 ± 26.3 hours. The incidence of respiratory depression was significantly higher in PCA with intravenous morphine (p = 0.001) and age below 16 years (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of respiratory depression was similar to that described in the literature; it is more frequent in children and adolescents, and with intravenous PCA.


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La analgesia controlada por el paciente (PCA), por vía venosa o epidural, es una técnica segura y eficaz en el tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio. Sin embargo, el uso de opioides no está exento de riesgos y la depresión respiratoria es la complicación más temida. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir la incidencia de depresión respiratoria asociada a la analgesia postoperatoria con opioides administrados por vía epidural o venosa, y las características de los pacientes que presentaron la complicación. MÉTODO: Estudio de incidencia retrospectiva en pacientes operados en el Hospital SARAH Brasília entre diciembre de 1999 y diciembre de 2007 y tratados con PCA con opioides por vía venosa o epidural. Se definieron como casos de depresión respiratoria, frecuencia respiratoria d" 8 irpm, necesidad del uso de naloxona, o saturación periférica de oxígeno por debajo de un 90 por ciento. RESULTADOS: Fueron evaluados 2790 pacientes, de los cuales 635 pacientes recibieron PCA venosa y 2155, analgesia epidural. Se dieron siete casos de depresión respiratoria postoperatoria (incidencia de 0,25 por ciento). De ellos, seis pacientes fueron tratados con PCA venosa con morfina, mientras que el último recibió analgesia epidural con fentanil. El promedio de edad fue de 30,5 ± 24,7 años; el tiempo medio entre el término de la anestesia hasta el aparecimiento de la depresión respiratoria fue de 18,1 ± 26,3 horas. El aparecimiento de depresión respiratoria fue significativamente más frecuente en la PCA venosa con morfina (p = 0,001) y en una edad menor que 16 años (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de depresión respiratoria encontrada fue similar a la descrita en la literatura, siendo más frecuente en niños y adolescentes con PCA venosa.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/chemically induced , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Incidence , Infusions, Intravenous , Injections, Intravenous , Retrospective Studies
13.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2009 Feb; 63(2): 72-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-69303

ABSTRACT

A 28-year-old patient operated for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) developed overdose effect of fentanyl leading to poor postoperative recovery. Naloxone (200 microg) treatment was used to reverse fentanyl effects, but it was associated with hypertension. The patient developed pulmonary edema after 2 hours and required overnight mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure. Volume overload prescribed in the management of LDN to overcome the immediate poor renal graft functioning probably predisposed this healthy young patient to develop cardiac failure during sympathetic surge associated with naloxone administration. The authors feel that the reversal of overdose effect of opioid by naloxone after intravascular blood volume expansion puts the patient at risk to develop pulmonary edema.


Subject(s)
Adult , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Fentanyl/adverse effects , Humans , Laparoscopy/adverse effects , Male , Naloxone/adverse effects , Narcotic Antagonists/adverse effects , Nephrectomy/adverse effects , Nephrectomy/methods , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced , Tissue Donors
14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-44208

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The present study was part of the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of anesthetic adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Study complications after spinal anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: During the 12 month period (March 1, 2003 - February 28, 2004), a prospective multicentered descriptive study was conducted in 20 hospitals comprised of seven university, five tertiary, four general and four district hospitals across Thailand Anesthesia personnel filled up patient-related, surgical-related, and anesthesia-related variables and adverse outcomes of all consecutive patients receiving anesthesia on a structured data entry form. The data were collected during pre-anesthetic, intra-operative, and 24 hr post operative period Adverse event specific forms were used to record when these incidents occurred. Data were reviewed by three independent reviewers and analyzed to identify contributing factors by consensus. RESULTS: This was registry of 40,271 spinal anesthetics from 172,697 anesthetics. The incidence of total spinal anesthesia, neurological complications, suspected myocardial ischemia, or infarction and oxygen desaturation per 10000 spinal anesthetics were 3.48 (95% CI 1.66-5.30), 1.49 (95% CI 0.30-2.68), 2.73 (95% CI 1.12-4.35), 0.99 (95% CI 0.39-2.56), and 6.46 (95% CI 3.98-8.94) respectively. This was not different to the incidence in other countries. Risk factors of oxygen desaturation were shorter in height [OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.97); p < 0.0011, higher ASA physical status [OR 3.37 (95% CI 1.98-5.72); p < 0.001], and use of propofol [OR 5.22 (95% CI 1.78-15.35); p = 0.003]. Other complications such as seizure, anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reaction, drug error, and pulmonary aspiration were scarce. There was no case of mismatched blood transfusion in the present study. CONCLUSION: Incidence of total spinal block, neurological complication, and suspected myocardial ischemia or infarction was uncommon. Risk factors of oxygen destruction were shorter in height, higher ASA physical status, and use of propofol. Some events were considered avoidable and preventable.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Anesthetics/adverse effects , Female , Hospitals/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Intraoperative Complications/chemically induced , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Prospective Studies , Registries , Risk Factors , Thailand
15.
Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. 2007; 19 (3): 673-678
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-84531

ABSTRACT

We report a case of an otherwise healthy; ambulatory 32 year old parturient on combined antiretroviral therapy that developed prolonged muscle weakness needing postoperative artificial ventilation. Despite no preoperative indication of muscle weakness, she developed respiratory insufficiency following general anesthesia with drugs that are deemed safe for her condition. After ruling out all the likely causes for her respiratory insufficiency that needed 12 hrs of artificial ventilation, we address the issue of undiagnosed preoperative muscle weakness as a likely cause for her problem. The role of a preoperative neurological evaluation to caution the anesthesiologist of the likelihood of a possible need for prolonged artificial ventilation following general anesthesia in this subgroup of patients, emphasized


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , Cesarean Section , Muscle Weakness , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , HIV Infections/complications , Respiration, Artificial , HIV Infections/drug therapy
16.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-40015

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of ginger in prevention of nausea and vomiting after major gynecologic surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Double blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From March 2005 to April 2006, 120 patients who underwent major gynecologic surgery were randomized into group A (n = 60) and group B (n = 60). The patients in group A received two capsules of ginger taken one hour before the procedure (one capsule contains 0.5 gram of ginger powder). The patients in group B received the placebo. The visual analog nausea score (VANS) and frequency of vomiting were evaluated at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the operation. RESULTS: The results demonstrated the statistically significant differences in nausea between group A (48.3%) and group B (66.7%). The VANS was lower in group A compared to group B at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours. The most statistically significant differences occurred at 2 and 6 hour. The incidence and frequency of vomiting in group A were lower than group B. Side effects caused by ginger were not detected. CONCLUSION: Ginger has efficacy in prevention of nausea and vomiting after major gynecologic surgery.


Subject(s)
Adult , Antiemetics/pharmacology , Female , Genital Neoplasms, Female/complications , Ginger , Humans , Middle Aged , Nausea/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Pregnancy , Time Factors , Vomiting/chemically induced
17.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 53(4): 440-448, jul.-ago. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-351791

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Ventilaçäo controlada à pressäo tem sido utilizada como modalidade ventilatória de eleiçäo em pacientes que desenvolvem hipoxemia importante no período pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio. Contudo näo existem estudos mostrando que a ventilaçäo controlada à pressäo é mais efetiva na reversäo da hipoxemia pós-operatória que ventilaçäo controlada a volume. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de ventilaçäo controlada à pressäo e ventilaçäo controlada a volume sobre a oxigenaçäo sistêmica em pacientes que desenvolvem hipoxemia caracterizada por uma relaçäo PaO2/FiO2 menor que 200 no período pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca. MÉTODO: Sessenta e um pacientes com relaçäo PaO2/FiO2 menor que 200 foram alocados em um grupo submetido à ventilaçäo controlada a pressäo e outro a volume. O volume corrente, a freqüência respiratória, a relaçäo inspiraçäo/ expiraçäo e a pressäo positiva ao final da expiraçäo foram as mesmas no dois grupos. Após a admissäo na UTI e após períodos de 1 ou 2 horas de ventilaçäo mecânica, a relaçäo PaO2/FiO2 e o shunt pulmonar foram quantificados. RESULTADOS: Houve um aumento significativo na relaçäo PaO2/FiO2 e uma diminuiçäo significativa no shunt pulmonar após 1 ou 2 horas de ventilaçäo mecânica; contudo näo foram observadas diferenças entre as modalidades ventilatórias. CONCLUSÕES: As modalidades ventilatórias controladas a volume e pressäo foram igualmente eficientes no tratamento da hipoxemia observada em pacientes no pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocárdio, mostrando que o padräo de administraçäo do fluxo inspiratório é pouco relevante para o tratamento da hipoxemia pós-operatória


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Hypoxia , Myocardial Revascularization , Oxygen/therapeutic use , Positive-Pressure Respiration
18.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 53(3): 377-381, maio-jun. 2003.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-344103

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A depressäo respiratória é uma complicaçäo que pode ocorrer no pós-operatório quando se utilizam opióides na anestesia. O objetivo deste relato é discutir um caso de apnéia em paciente que chegou consciente à sala de recuperaçäo pós-anestésica (SRPA), após ter sido submetido à tireoidectomia sob anestesia geral com propofol, fentanil e isoflurano. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 50 anos, 60 kg, estado físico ASA I, submetida à tireoidectomia sob anestesia geral induzida com propofol (140 mg), fentanil (350 æg), atracúrio (30 mg) e mantida com isoflurano, duas doses subseqüentes em bolus de atracúrio (10 mg cada) e ventilaçäo controlada mecânica. No final da cirurgia, após antagonizaçäo do bloqueio neuromuscular, a paciente foi extubada, obedeceu aos comandos para respirar e colaborou na passagem à maca, sendo transportada para a SRPA, aonde chegou consciente. Minutos após, apresentou apnéia, cianose e inconsciência. Foi realizada ventilaçäo manual com oxigênio a 100 por cento seguida de injeçäo de naloxona (0,2 mg) por via venosa, havendo retorno da ventilaçäo espontânea e da consciência. CONCLUSÕES: Os cuidados ventilatórios no pós-operatório, durante o transporte, admissäo à SRPA e permanência nessa unidade, devem ser contínuos em pacientes que receberam opióides, mesmo demonstrando estar conscientes ao deixarem a sala cirúrgica


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Anesthesia, General , Apnea/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Thyroidectomy
19.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-42612

ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of lidocaine pretreatment on reduction of succinylcholine-induced myalgia in patients undergoing general anesthesia for gynecological surgery. One hundred and thirty-five patients were assigned to one of three groups in a prospective, double blind, randomized manner. Group PS, the control group, received normal saline and succinylcholine 1.5 mg x kg(-1); Group LS, lidocaine 1.5 mg x kg(-1) and succinylcholine 1.5 mg x kg(-1); Group PR, normal saline and rocuronium 0.6 mg x kg(-1). Morphine 0.1 mg x kg(-1) iv was given for premedication and all patients were monitored with a noninvasive blood pressure monitor, ECG and pulse oximetry. Anesthesia was induced with 5 mg.kg(-1) thiopental iv. followed by succinylcholine (Group PS, LS) or rocuronium (Group PR) for tracheal intubation. Following administration of these agents, the presence, and degree of fasciculation were assessed visually on a four point scale by one investigator who was blinded to the drug administered. The blood pressure and heart rate of each patient were monitored on nine occasions. Twenty-four hours later, any myalgia experienced was assessed according to a structured questionaire and graded by a four point scale by one investigator blinded to the intraoperative management. The results indicate that muscle fasciculation was not found in Group PR while the patients in Group LS had a lower incidence of muscle fasciculation than those in Group PS (p < 0.001). At 24 h, the incidence of myalgia was higher in Group PS than in Group LS and PR (p < 0.05). A correlation was not found between the incidence of myalgia and the occurrence of muscle fasciculation. The changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significant among the three groups. In conclusion, where succinylcholine is used, lidocaine is proven to be the useful pretreatment agent for the reduction of postoperative myalgia.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Androstanols/administration & dosage , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Chi-Square Distribution , Double-Blind Method , Fasciculation/prevention & control , Female , Genital Diseases, Female/surgery , Hemodynamics , Humans , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Muscular Diseases/chemically induced , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents/administration & dosage , Pain/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Succinylcholine/adverse effects , Elective Surgical Procedures , Treatment Outcome
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 64(5): 437-441, set.-out. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-299972

ABSTRACT

Métodos: Quatro olhos de 4 pacientes que apresentavam complicaçöes pós-trabeculectomia com mitomicina-A (vazamento de humor aquoso com teste de Seidel +, 3 olhos, e bolha hiperfiltrante, 1 olho) foram submetidos à cirurgia para reconstruçäo da bolha filtrante com uso de membrana amniótica. Resultados: A média do tempo de seguimento foi de 5,75 meses (variaçäo de 2 a 9 meses). Conseguiu-se resoluçäo do quadro em todos os casos, sendo que em 1 caso necessitou-se de aplicaçäo de cola e lente de contato para resoluçäo do quadro. Em média, a epitelizaçäo ocorreu em 14,75 dias (variaçäo de 8 a 21 dias). A acuidade visual melhorou em apenas 1 paciente e manteve-se inalterada nos outros 3 casos. Após as cirurgias, a pressäo intra-ocular manteve-se sob controle com uso de medicaçäo antiglaucomatosa tópica em todos os pacientes. Conclusäo: O uso de membrana amniótica constitui uma opçäo viável para o tratamento do vazamento do humor aquoso e bolha hiperfiltrante pós-trabeculectomia resistentes ao tratamento convencional. Mais casos säo necessários para melhor avaliar e refinar a técnica operatória.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Biological Dressings , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Mitomycin , Trabeculectomy , Aqueous Humor , Eye Diseases
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